Article:1.4.3 - Revision history

FrontUI: Normalise non-breaking space in BelongsToTopic (SMW rejected the values)

2026-10-17T18:36:19Z

Normalise non-breaking space in BelongsToTopic (SMW rejected the values)

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:36, 17 October 2026
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	\|HasTitle=Galician Jews in the Propination: Production and Sale of Alcohol, 1496-1918		\|HasTitle=Galician Jews in the Propination: Production and Sale of Alcohol, 1496-1918
	\|HasAuthor=Judith Kalik		\|HasAuthor=Judith Kalik
	\|BelongsToTopic=Economics; Jews and Their Surrounding; Communal and Social Life - ~~Rural~~ Life		\|BelongsToTopic=Economics; Jews and Their Surrounding; Communal and Social Life - Rural Life
	\|HasTimePeriod=Before 1772; 1772-1914		\|HasTimePeriod=Before 1772; 1772-1914
	\|HasRegion=Galicia		\|HasRegion=Galicia

FrontUI: Atlas maps: layers and legend from the source KML/KMZ and legend docx (Meir, via Kirby)

2026-10-04T20:06:22Z

Atlas maps: layers and legend from the source KML/KMZ and legend docx (Meir, via Kirby)

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:06, 4 October 2026
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	\|HasGalleryImages=Image:1.4.3-Tavern-1; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-2; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-3; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-4; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-5; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-6; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-7; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-8; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-8-1; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-9; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-10		\|HasGalleryImages=Image:1.4.3-Tavern-1; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-2; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-3; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-4; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-5; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-6; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-7; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-8; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-8-1; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-9; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-10
	\|HasNationalLibraryCode=997013604473405171		\|HasNationalLibraryCode=997013604473405171
			\|HasMap=Map:Map-1.4.2-Ex-1
	}}		}}
	<span id="galician-jews-in-the-propination-production-and-sale-of-alcohol-1496-1918"></span>		<span id="galician-jews-in-the-propination-production-and-sale-of-alcohol-1496-1918"></span>

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2026-09-30T18:45:00Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 18:45, 30 September 2026
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	\|HasAuthor=Judith Kalik		\|HasAuthor=Judith Kalik
	\|BelongsToTopic=Economics; Jews and Their Surrounding; Communal and Social Life - Rural Life		\|BelongsToTopic=Economics; Jews and Their Surrounding; Communal and Social Life - Rural Life
	\|HasTimePeriod=Before 1772; 1772-1914~~; 1918-1939; 1939-1945~~		\|HasTimePeriod=Before 1772; 1772-1914
	\|HasRegion=Galicia		\|HasRegion=Galicia
	\|HasExtension=Extension:Ex-1.4.3-1; Extension:Ex-1.4.3-2		\|HasExtension=Extension:Ex-1.4.3-1; Extension:Ex-1.4.3-2

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2026-09-04T18:42:33Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 18:42, 4 September 2026
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	The legend about the Jews leasing the Orthodox churches arose from the widespread practice of sealing churches as a sanction against violation of monopolies by priests. Sealing the church itself or imprisonment of a priest by a Jewish leaseholder occurred because of conflicts between the landlord (whose interests the leaseholder served) and the church, against the background of the violation of the lord's propination rights by a priest.<ref>Judith Kalik, “The Orthodox Church and the Jews in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,” ''Jewish History'' 17 (2003), 229-237.</ref>		The legend about the Jews leasing the Orthodox churches arose from the widespread practice of sealing churches as a sanction against violation of monopolies by priests. Sealing the church itself or imprisonment of a priest by a Jewish leaseholder occurred because of conflicts between the landlord (whose interests the leaseholder served) and the church, against the background of the violation of the lord's propination rights by a priest.<ref>Judith Kalik, “The Orthodox Church and the Jews in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,” ''Jewish History'' 17 (2003), 229-237.</ref>

	The propination rights included not only vodka and beer, but all kinds of alcoholic beverages. Wine and brandy, however, unlike vodka and beer, were not produced locally, but were imported from abroad, mainly from Hungary. The geographical location of future Galicia (southern Little Poland and Red Ruthenia) on the border with Hungary (today Slovakia and Trans-Carpathian Ukraine) made it a natural gateway for this Hungarian wine to enter Poland, and local Jewish wine-merchants dominated this trade in the 18<sup>th</sup> century (see ~~'''~~[[~~EXT~~:Ex-1.4.3-1\| Extension 1]~~'''~~])		The propination rights included not only vodka and beer, but all kinds of alcoholic beverages. Wine and brandy, however, unlike vodka and beer, were not produced locally, but were imported from abroad, mainly from Hungary. The geographical location of future Galicia (southern Little Poland and Red Ruthenia) on the border with Hungary (today Slovakia and Trans-Carpathian Ukraine) made it a natural gateway for this Hungarian wine to enter Poland, and local Jewish wine-merchants dominated this trade in the 18<sup>th</sup> century (see [[Extension:Ex-1.4.3-1\|Extension 1]])

	Jews of Eastern Galicia were also involved in the trade of a purely local alcoholic beverage produced from cherries, the so-called ''vishniak''. Thus, we learn from taxation records in the communal minute-book (''pinkas'') of '''[[Community:Drohobych\|'''Drohobych''']]''' for 1753 that the Jews of this town sold ''vishniak'' in clay vessels.<ref>Nathan Michael Gelber, “Toledot ha-yehudim be-Drohobych,” in ''Sefer Zikaron le-kehilat kodesh Drohobych-Boryslav ve-ha- sevivah'', ed. N. M. Gelber (Tel Aviv, Irgun yotsei Drohobich, Borislav ve-ha-sevivah, 1959), 21.</ref>		Jews of Eastern Galicia were also involved in the trade of a purely local alcoholic beverage produced from cherries, the so-called ''vishniak''. Thus, we learn from taxation records in the communal minute-book (''pinkas'') of '''[[Community:Drohobych\|'''Drohobych''']]''' for 1753 that the Jews of this town sold ''vishniak'' in clay vessels.<ref>Nathan Michael Gelber, “Toledot ha-yehudim be-Drohobych,” in ''Sefer Zikaron le-kehilat kodesh Drohobych-Boryslav ve-ha- sevivah'', ed. N. M. Gelber (Tel Aviv, Irgun yotsei Drohobich, Borislav ve-ha-sevivah, 1959), 21.</ref>

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2026-09-03T14:35:59Z

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Liat at 08:50, 30 July 2026

2026-07-30T08:50:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:50, 30 July 2026
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	According to the Jewish census of 1764-65 in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, more than one-third of employed Jews were leaseholders of various kinds. The fierce competition with burghers for ''propinacja ''leaseholds in town shifted the Jewish population into rural areas.		According to the Jewish census of 1764-65 in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, more than one-third of employed Jews were leaseholders of various kinds. The fierce competition with burghers for ''propinacja ''leaseholds in town shifted the Jewish population into rural areas.

	The relations of rural Jewish innkeepers with local peasants were rather complicated. On the one hand, the Jewish innkeeper was an important figure in a village, and the rural inn served as a focal point of social life, often providing the only place for interactions between different social strata '''[[Image:~~1.4.3-Tavern-2\|~~1.4.3-Tavern-2]]'''.<ref>Judith Kalik, “The Inn as a Focal Point for Jewish Relations with the Catholic Church in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,” ''Jews and Slavs ''21 (2008), 381-390.</ref> The inn frequently served also as a shop, and both innkeepers and shop-keepers often lent money to peasants against a pledge. On the other hand, the Jewish leaseholder was seen by the peasants as a representative, often the sole one, of their lord. Leaseholding contracts usually included a clause which provided the innkeeper with the corvée labor of local serfs.<ref>Jacob Goldberg, "Władza dominialna Żydów-arendarzy dóbr ziemskich nad chłopami w XVII-XVIII w.," ''Przegląd Historyczny'' 1-2 (1990), 189-198.</ref>		The relations of rural Jewish innkeepers with local peasants were rather complicated. On the one hand, the Jewish innkeeper was an important figure in a village, and the rural inn served as a focal point of social life, often providing the only place for interactions between different social strata '''[[Image:1.4.3-Tavern-2]]'''.<ref>Judith Kalik, “The Inn as a Focal Point for Jewish Relations with the Catholic Church in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,” ''Jews and Slavs ''21 (2008), 381-390.</ref> The inn frequently served also as a shop, and both innkeepers and shop-keepers often lent money to peasants against a pledge. On the other hand, the Jewish leaseholder was seen by the peasants as a representative, often the sole one, of their lord. Leaseholding contracts usually included a clause which provided the innkeeper with the corvée labor of local serfs.<ref>Jacob Goldberg, "Władza dominialna Żydów-arendarzy dóbr ziemskich nad chłopami w XVII-XVIII w.," ''Przegląd Historyczny'' 1-2 (1990), 189-198.</ref>

	Rural court records at the village of Chukva in the Sambir royal estate, which date from the 17<sup>th</sup>-18<sup>th</sup> centuries, provide a unique and vivid picture of everyday life in this village in all its complexity.<ref>Central State Historical Archives at Lviv (TsDIAL) F 142, op. 1.</ref> Rural Jews were involved in numerous judicial cases, which involved customers in their taverns, their Christian servants and other employees, as well as their other neighbors.		Rural court records at the village of Chukva in the Sambir royal estate, which date from the 17<sup>th</sup>-18<sup>th</sup> centuries, provide a unique and vivid picture of everyday life in this village in all its complexity.<ref>Central State Historical Archives at Lviv (TsDIAL) F 142, op. 1.</ref> Rural Jews were involved in numerous judicial cases, which involved customers in their taverns, their Christian servants and other employees, as well as their other neighbors.

Liat at 08:45, 30 July 2026

2026-07-30T08:45:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:45, 30 July 2026
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	According to the Jewish census of 1764-65 in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, more than one-third of employed Jews were leaseholders of various kinds. The fierce competition with burghers for ''propinacja ''leaseholds in town shifted the Jewish population into rural areas.		According to the Jewish census of 1764-65 in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, more than one-third of employed Jews were leaseholders of various kinds. The fierce competition with burghers for ''propinacja ''leaseholds in town shifted the Jewish population into rural areas.

	The relations of rural Jewish innkeepers with local peasants were rather complicated. On the one hand, the Jewish innkeeper was an important figure in a village, and the rural inn served as a focal point of social life, often providing the only place for interactions between different social strata '''[[Image:1.4.3-Tavern-2\|~~'''('''fig~~.~~1''')'''~~]]'''.<ref>Judith Kalik, “The Inn as a Focal Point for Jewish Relations with the Catholic Church in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,” ''Jews and Slavs ''21 (2008), 381-390.</ref> The inn frequently served also as a shop, and both innkeepers and shop-keepers often lent money to peasants against a pledge. On the other hand, the Jewish leaseholder was seen by the peasants as a representative, often the sole one, of their lord. Leaseholding contracts usually included a clause which provided the innkeeper with the corvée labor of local serfs.<ref>Jacob Goldberg, "Władza dominialna Żydów-arendarzy dóbr ziemskich nad chłopami w XVII-XVIII w.," ''Przegląd Historyczny'' 1-2 (1990), 189-198.</ref>		The relations of rural Jewish innkeepers with local peasants were rather complicated. On the one hand, the Jewish innkeeper was an important figure in a village, and the rural inn served as a focal point of social life, often providing the only place for interactions between different social strata '''[[Image:1.4.3-Tavern-2\|1.4.3-Tavern-2]]'''.<ref>Judith Kalik, “The Inn as a Focal Point for Jewish Relations with the Catholic Church in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,” ''Jews and Slavs ''21 (2008), 381-390.</ref> The inn frequently served also as a shop, and both innkeepers and shop-keepers often lent money to peasants against a pledge. On the other hand, the Jewish leaseholder was seen by the peasants as a representative, often the sole one, of their lord. Leaseholding contracts usually included a clause which provided the innkeeper with the corvée labor of local serfs.<ref>Jacob Goldberg, "Władza dominialna Żydów-arendarzy dóbr ziemskich nad chłopami w XVII-XVIII w.," ''Przegląd Historyczny'' 1-2 (1990), 189-198.</ref>

	Rural court records at the village of Chukva in the Sambir royal estate, which date from the 17<sup>th</sup>-18<sup>th</sup> centuries, provide a unique and vivid picture of everyday life in this village in all its complexity.<ref>Central State Historical Archives at Lviv (TsDIAL) F 142, op. 1.</ref> Rural Jews were involved in numerous judicial cases, which involved customers in their taverns, their Christian servants and other employees, as well as their other neighbors.		Rural court records at the village of Chukva in the Sambir royal estate, which date from the 17<sup>th</sup>-18<sup>th</sup> centuries, provide a unique and vivid picture of everyday life in this village in all its complexity.<ref>Central State Historical Archives at Lviv (TsDIAL) F 142, op. 1.</ref> Rural Jews were involved in numerous judicial cases, which involved customers in their taverns, their Christian servants and other employees, as well as their other neighbors.

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2026-07-29T22:31:50Z

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Liat: Import from JSON

2026-07-12T16:10:40Z

Import from JSON

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:10, 12 July 2026
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	\|HasAuthor=Judith Kalik		\|HasAuthor=Judith Kalik
	\|BelongsToTopic=Economics; Jews and Their Surrounding; Communal and Social Life - Rural Life		\|BelongsToTopic=Economics; Jews and Their Surrounding; Communal and Social Life - Rural Life
	\|HasTimePeriod=Before 1772; 1772-1914		\|HasTimePeriod=Before 1772; 1772-1914; 1918-1939; 1939-1945
	\|HasRegion=Galicia		\|HasRegion=Galicia
	\|HasExtension=Extension:Ex-1.4.3-1; Extension:Ex-1.4.3-2		\|HasExtension=Extension:Ex-1.4.3-1; Extension:Ex-1.4.3-2
	\|HasRelatedEntries=Article:1.4.2; Article:2.4.3		\|HasRelatedPersonalities=Person:Birkenthal
	\|HasMainPicture=Image:1.4.3-Tavern-6		\|HasRelatedEntries=Article:1.4.2; Article:2.4.3; Article:2.4.4
			\|HasMainPicture=Image:1.4.3-Tavern-7
			\|HasGalleryImages=Image:1.4.3-Tavern-1; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-2; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-3; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-4; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-5; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-6; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-7; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-8; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-8-1; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-9; Image:1.4.3-Tavern-10
	\|HasNationalLibraryCode=997013604473405171		\|HasNationalLibraryCode=997013604473405171
	}}		}}

Liat: Import from JSON

2026-06-05T11:44:44Z

Import from JSON

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:44, 5 June 2026
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	{{Article		{{Article
			\|HasArticleID=1.4.3
	\|HasTitle=Galician Jews in the Propination: Production and Sale of Alcohol, 1496-1918		\|HasTitle=Galician Jews in the Propination: Production and Sale of Alcohol, 1496-1918
	\|HasAuthor=Judith Kalik		\|HasAuthor=Judith Kalik
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	\|HasTimePeriod=Before 1772; 1772-1914		\|HasTimePeriod=Before 1772; 1772-1914
	\|HasRegion=Galicia		\|HasRegion=Galicia
	\|HasExtension=Ex-1.4.3-1; Ex-1.4.3-2		\|HasExtension=Extension:Ex-1.4.3-1; Extension:Ex-1.4.3-2
	\|HasRelatedEntries=1.4.2; 2.4.3		\|HasRelatedEntries=Article:1.4.2; Article:2.4.3
	\|HasMainPicture=1.4.3-Tavern-6		\|HasMainPicture=Image:1.4.3-Tavern-6
	\|HasNationalLibraryCode=997013604473405171		\|HasNationalLibraryCode=997013604473405171
	}}		}}